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Answer:
1. The learners should use a thermometer or a digital temperature sensor to measure the independent variable, which is the temperature.
2. To ensure that the experiment is valid and a fair test, the learners should control the following variables:
• Volume of reactants: Ensure the same amount of each reactant is used in every trial.
• Concentration of reactants: Keep the concentration of the reactants constant.
• Surface area of reactants: If using solids, make sure they have the same surface area.
• Time duration: The duration for which the reaction is observed should be consistent.
• Environmental conditions: Conduct the experiment in the same location to maintain consistent humidity, light, and air pressure.
• Stirring rate: If stirring is involved, ensure it is done at the same rate.
3. Here are some other ways to make the reaction go faster:
• Increase the concentration of reactants: Higher concentration generally increases the reaction rate.
• Increase the surface area of reactants: Grinding solids into finer particles can increase the reaction rate.
• Add a catalyst: A catalyst can lower the activation energy and speed up the reaction without being consumed in the process.
• Increase the temperature: Higher temperatures typically increase the reaction rate by providing more energy to the reacting molecules.
Increase the pressure (for reactions involving gases): Higher pressure can increase the frequency of collisions between gas molecules.