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discuss the thoughts of philosophers about the shape of the Earth
According to Aëtius, Thales stated that the earth is shaped like a ball. Diogenes Laërtius reports that Hesiod, Anaximander and Pythagoras taught that the earth was spherical. These testimonies are usually considered false. Several scholars have argued that Parmenides was the first to accept the earth’s sphericity. In the Phaedo, Plato tells us that someone has convinced Socrates that the earth is a sphere, without indicating who this “someone” was or what his arguments were. He then compares the earth with a dodecahedron. There must have been a heated debate among ancient Greek cosmologists about the shape of the earth, some of which can still be followed in the reports of the doxographers. For example, a curious argument, attributed to Anaxagoras, that is intended to prove that the earth is flat. Aristotle, who was familiar with the ins and outs of the debate, sought to terminate it by putting forward arguments for the sphericity of the earth and arguing against alleged evidence that the earth is flat. Since then, hardly any serious philosopher or astronomer has doubted that the earth is a sphere. Aristotle’s arguments can be divided into two groups: theoretical and empirical.
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