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Identity development is an important area with which therapists who work with children should be familiar. The number of biracial children in the United States is increasing, and although this may not be the reason that a child presents for therapy, it is an area that often should be explored. This article will review the similarities and differences between Black and White racial identity development in the United States and address special challenges for the biracial child. Recommendations for treatment in therapy are reviewed.
Keywords: biracial, identity development, therapy interventions
Introduction
The 2000 census showed that there are more than 4.5 million married and unmarried couples in the United States of whom the two members were from differing racial or ethnic groups. In the last census, 6.8 million people or 2.4 percent of the US population endorsed two racial categories. Of these 6.8 million people, 42 percent of them were under the age of 18.1 The number of multiracial children in the US is rapidly increasing in comparison to previous census data.
Identity development and specifically biracial identity development is an important area. Even if biracial issues are not the main focus of the therapy, the biracial child may benefit from exploring this area and having some intervention, if needed.
Identity Development: General Concepts
Identity development is a lifelong process, beginning in early childhood and continuing into adulthood. The goal of this process is to answer “Who am I?” On the surface this sounds simple, but for many people it is a difficult question to answer.
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