The question refers to the breathing system in science 9 Unit 1 module 1 activity 1. If one part of the breathing system fails to carry out its function properly, the other parts of the breathing system will not be able to carry out their corresponding functions as well, and the whole respiratory system will be affected. Example, if the nasal cavity was not able to filter the air from foreign substances, and dust, the dust including bacteria and other microorganism will moves down to the lower respiratory tract causing damages like inflammation in the bronchioles or known as bronchitis and air will not be able to move freely as it goes in and out of the lungs and you will have difficulty breathing with this condition. Breathing system also involve not just the passageway of air but also the muscles that facilitate breathing. The major muscle that facilitate breathing is the diaphragm. When diaphragm will not function properly, then you will have difficulty breathing that would result to collapse of the respiratory system when not treated.
List of Muscles involved during Inhalation in the breathing system
- External Intercostals muscles
- Diaphragm
- Sternocleidomastoid Muslces
- Pectoralis minor
All of these muscles will contract during inhalation to facilitate air to move into the lungs particularly the oxygen air.
List of Muscles involved during Exhalation in the breathing system
- Internal Intercostals Muscles
- Diaphragm
- Abdominal Muscles
- Quadratus Lumborum
All these muscles will contract except for the diaphragm to facilitate exhalation of carbon dioxide gas.
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The passageway of air as it goes in and out in the breathing system
- Nose
- Nasal cavity
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Bronchioles
- Alveoli
Nose
The external organ of breathing system which receives the oxygen during inhalation.
Nasal cavity
oxygen is modified in the nasal cavity before it enters the lower breathing system which the air is warmed, cleaned, and moistened.
Pharynx
common passageway of food and air. Pharynx is divided into three region, nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharyx.
Larynx
Receives the oxygen coming from the pharynx as moves down through the epiglottis.
Trachea
also known as windpipe; receives the air from the larynx and connect it to the bronchi below it.
Bronchi
also called bronchial tubes; two branching tubes that connect the trachea to the right and left lungs.
Bronchioles
Finer subdivision of bronchi, a hairlike tube that connects to the alveoli.
Alveoli
The actual site of gas exchange between oxygen from the atmosphere and carbon dioxide as waste product of metabolism in the body.
During inhalation, air will enter the nose as the external organ of the respiratory system. It travels to the Nasal cavity for the air to be moistens, warms and filter. The air will then move to the pharynx which is a common passageway of food and air. Pharynx is divided into three region, nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharyx. As we inhale, the epiglottis will open the passageway of air to the larynx and moves down to the trachea which is also known as the windpipe. It will then moves into the right bronchi to enter the right lung and left bronchi to enter the left lung. Bronchi are branching into smaller tube called bronchioles. And finally, after the bronchioles, the air will then reach the alveoli which is the actual site of gas exchange. When carbon dioxide moves out the respiratory system, it start with alveoli until it is out of the nose or mouth.
Breathing system or the respiratory system is one the most important system in the body. Damage to this system is the major priority in giving care to the patient. It includes the airway passageway and the muscles that facilitate breathing which cooperatively work together to function properly. If one part of the breathing system have a problem, the rest of the parts of the breathing system will also be compromised.
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