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Sagot :
Answer:
The transition of water molecules from a solid (ice) to a liquid state involves several key changes in their behavior:
Solid State (Ice)
- Molecular Arrangement:
- In the solid state, water molecules are arranged in a highly ordered, crystalline structure held together by hydrogen bonds.
- This lattice structure is rigid and maintains a fixed shape and volume.
- Molecular Motion:
- The molecules vibrate in place but do not move freely.
- The kinetic energy of the molecules is low, and the temperature is below 0°C (32°F).
Transition (Melting)
- Energy Absorption:
- As ice absorbs heat energy, the kinetic energy of its molecules increases.
- This added energy causes the hydrogen bonds to break, disrupting the rigid lattice structure.
- Phase Change:
- During the melting process, the temperature remains constant at 0°C (32°F) while the ice transitions into liquid water.
- The energy absorbed during this phase change is known as the latent heat of fusion.
Liquid State (Water)
- Molecular Arrangement:
- In the liquid state, water molecules are no longer in a fixed lattice but are loosely held together by hydrogen bonds.
- The arrangement is more disorganized compared to the solid state, allowing the molecules to move more freely.
- Molecular Motion:
- The molecules have higher kinetic energy and move around more freely, sliding past one another.
- This increased motion allows the liquid water to take the shape of its container while maintaining a fixed volume.
- Temperature Increase:
- Once all the ice has melted, any additional heat increases the temperature of the liquid water, further increasing the kinetic energy and the speed at which the molecules move.
### Summary of Changes
1. Breaking of Hydrogen Bonds:
- In ice, water molecules are held together in a crystalline structure by hydrogen bonds.
- As ice absorbs heat, these hydrogen bonds break, allowing the molecules to move more freely.
2. Increased Molecular Motion:
- The kinetic energy of the water molecules increases as the temperature rises.
- Molecules in the liquid state move more rapidly and are less organized than in the solid state.
3. Transition from Fixed to Fluid Structure:
- The rigid lattice structure of the solid state transitions to a more disordered, fluid arrangement in the liquid state.
- Molecules in liquid water are closer together than in ice but can move past each other easily.
Answer:
The behavior of water molecules changes from being fixed in a crystalline structure in ice to moving freely in a liquid state as they absorb heat and transition from solid to liquid.
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