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Answer:
The primary materials used in cultural items and art forms vary widely depending on the culture, geography, and historical period. Here are some common materials associated with various cultural artifacts and art forms:
1. **Wood**:
- **Uses**: Sculptures, masks, furniture, musical instruments, totem poles.
- **Examples**: African masks, Native American totem poles, Japanese tea house architecture.
2. **Stone**:
- **Uses**: Monuments, sculptures, buildings, carvings.
- **Examples**: Egyptian pyramids, Greek and Roman statues, Easter Island Moai.
3. **Metal**:
- **Uses**: Jewelry, tools, sculptures, coins, weaponry.
- **Examples**: Bronze sculptures, gold jewelry from ancient civilizations, iron tools and weapons.
4. **Clay**:
- **Uses**: Pottery, ceramics, tiles, bricks.
- **Examples**: Chinese porcelain, Native American pottery, ancient Greek vases.
5. **Textiles**:
- **Uses**: Clothing, tapestries, rugs, embroidery.
- **Examples**: Indian saris, Persian rugs, Andean textiles, African Kente cloth.
6. **Paper**:
- **Uses**: Calligraphy, origami, paper mâché, books, prints.
- **Examples**: Japanese origami, Chinese calligraphy, paper mâché masks.
7. **Glass**:
- **Uses**: Windows, beads, bottles, art glass.
- **Examples**: Stained glass windows in European cathedrals, Venetian glass, Murano beads.
8. **Bone and Ivory**:
- **Uses**: Jewelry, tools, carvings, inlays.
- **Examples**: Inuit bone carvings, African ivory sculptures, ancient combs and tools.
9. **Fibers and Plants**:
- **Uses**: Baskets, mats, textiles, paper.
- **Examples**: Hawaiian lauhala weaving, Southeast Asian bamboo crafts, Native American basketry.
10. **Leather**:
- **Uses**: Clothing, accessories, bookbinding, tools.
- **Examples**: Native American moccasins, medieval book bindings, African leather goods.
11. **Paints and Pigments**:
- **Uses**: Paintings, murals, body art, decorative objects.
- **Examples**: Renaissance frescoes, Aboriginal dot paintings, Egyptian tomb paintings.
12. **Shell and Coral**:
- **Uses**: Jewelry, tools, decorative items.
- **Examples**: Pacific Islander jewelry, Native American wampum belts, decorative inlays.
These materials are often chosen for their availability, durability, and symbolic significance within the culture. Each material brings its own unique qualities and possibilities, influencing the form and function of the cultural items and art created from them.