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These are characteristics we can observe or measure without changing what something is. Examples include color, texture, and how something feels.
1. Choosing Materials:
- Durability: We pick materials based on how strong or hard they are. For example, we use strong steel for buildings and plastic for everyday items.
- Heat Transfer: Some materials, like metals, transfer heat well, which is why they're used in pots and pans. Others, like foam, keep heat in and are used in insulation.
2. Everyday Use:
- Looks and Feel: The color and texture of things like clothes and furniture affect how they look and feel.
- State Changes: Knowing when things melt or boil helps us use them properly, like using ice to cool drinks or knowing when water boils for cooking.
3. Safety:
- Flammability: Knowing how easily materials catch fire helps us choose safe materials for things like electrical wiring and cooking tools.
These are about how substances react and change into different things. Examples include how they react with acids or other chemicals.
1. Food Safety and Preservation:
- Preservation: Chemical reactions help keep food fresh. For example, adding vinegar (acidic) can preserve food through pickling.
- Spoilage: Understanding these reactions helps us prevent food from going bad and keep it fresh longer.
2. Cleaning:
- Reacting with Dirt: Cleaning products work by reacting with stains and dirt to break them down, making it easier to clean.
3. Health and Medicine:
- Medicine: How medicines react in our bodies affects how well they work and how safe they are.
- Personal Care: Soaps and shampoos are designed based on how their chemicals interact with our skin and hair to clean them effectively.
4. Environmental Impact:
- Pollution: Understanding how chemicals react with the environment helps us manage pollution and waste and create products that are better for the planet.
In simple terms, physical properties help us choose and use materials based on their appearance and function, while chemical properties show us how substances react and change, which affects cleaning, cooking, health, and safety.