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Answer:
The description you're referring to is known as the "plum pudding model" of the atom
The plum pudding model of the atom:
- Description: The plum pudding model was proposed by J.J. Thomson in 1904. According to this model:
- Positive Charge: The atom is envisioned as a large, diffuse sphere of positive charge.
- Negative Charge: Electrons, which are negatively charged, are embedded within this sphere of positive charge, like "plums" in a "pudding."
- Key Points:
- Positive Sphere: The positive charge is thought to be spread throughout the atom, creating a sort of "pudding" in which the electrons are embedded.
- Electrons: The electrons are distributed throughout the positive sphere, similar to how plums are scattered in a pudding.
- Historical Context:
- Advancement: This model was an early attempt to describe the structure of the atom, but it was later replaced by the Rutherford model after Ernest Rutherford’s gold foil experiment in 1911. Rutherford’s experiment revealed that atoms have a dense, positively charged nucleus at their center, surrounded by a cloud of electrons, leading to the modern nuclear model of the atom.
- Modern Understanding:
- Nuclear Model: The modern atomic model consists of a dense nucleus containing protons and neutrons, with electrons orbiting around the nucleus. This model is based on the results of Rutherford’s experiment and further refined by Bohr and quantum mechanics.