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Answer:
A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtering waste products and excess substances from the blood to produce urine. It is composed of several structures, including the renal corpuscle, renal tubule, and renal pyramid.
The main components of a nephron are:
1. Renal corpuscle: This consists of a Bowman's capsule and a glomerulus. The glomerulus is a network of capillaries where blood is filtered to remove waste products and excess substances. The filtrate, which contains these waste products and excess substances, is then collected in the Bowman's capsule.
2. Renal tubule: This is a coiled tube that extends from the Bowman's capsule to the renal pyramid. The renal tubule is responsible for reabsorbing essential substances, such as glucose, amino acids, and water, from the filtrate back into the bloodstream. It also secretes various substances, such as hydrogen ions, to help regulate the body's pH balance.
3. Renal pyramid: This is the distal end of the renal tubule, where the filtrate is concentrated to form urine. The renal pyramid is divided into the loop of Henle, the distal convoluted tubule, and the collecting duct.
In summary, the nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtering waste products and excess substances from the blood, reabsorbing essential substances, secreting various substances, and concentrating the filtrate to form urine.