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19. What is the lac operon?​

Sagot :

HelperWarsidn

Answer:

The lac operon is a set of genes in bacteria that controls the metabolism of lactose, including genes for lactose uptake and breakdown, regulated by the presence or absence of lactose.

Adadieeeidn

The lac operon is a well-studied example of gene regulation in bacteria, specifically in Escherichia coli. It controls the metabolism of lactose.

Characteristics of Lac Operon

  • Operon Structure - The lac operon consists of three structural genes— lacZ, lacY, and lacA—which code for proteins involved in lactose metabolism. These genes are transcribed together from a single promoter, making their expression coordinated.
  • Regulatory Elements - The lac operon includes regulatory sequences such as the promoter (P), operator (O), and the repressor gene (lacI). The promoter initiates transcription, the operator acts as a binding site for the repressor protein, and the repressor gene produces a protein that can inhibit transcription when lactose is not present.
  • Inducible System - The lac operon is inducible, meaning it is turned on in the presence of lactose. When lactose is available, it binds to the repressor protein, causing it to release from the operator region. This allows RNA polymerase to bind to the promoter and initiate transcription of the operon genes.
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