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EQ: Why do you need to breathe? How does your body respire? Humans, like all other animals, need air to stay alive. Air is a mixture of gases found in Earth's atmosphere. The main gases in air are nitrogen and oxygen, which make up approximately 78 percent and 21 percent of the atmosphere, respectively. The remaining one percent is made up of gases present in trace amounts. The respiratory system consists of the lungs and the various breathing tubes that allow air to reach the lungs. The respiratory system allows gas exchange. It brings oxygen into the body and expels carbon dioxide. All animals must undergo gas exchange to stay alive. Before air reaches the lungs, it must first be processed. Even air that seems clean contains dust particles and bacteria. If the air entering the body is not processed (filtered, cleaned, warmed, and moistened), it could carry disease-causing microorganisms and pollutants into the lungs and damage lung tissues. SCIENCE CONNECTIONS The respiratory system ensures that you have a steady supply of clean and filtered air that goes into the lungs in the same way that particulates are filtered by a cabin air filter in a car engine. The adult human body requires around 90 pounds of oxygen per day to function normally. Approximately 20 percent of this inhaled oxygen goes to the brain. The blood transports oxygen to the brain through the internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries. The brain needs a constant flow of oxygen-rich blood in order to keep up with the heavy metabolic demands of the neurons.
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