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Answer:
Convection currents form when a fluid (such as air or water) is heated, causing it to expand and become less dense. The less dense, warmer fluid rises while the cooler, denser fluid sinks. This movement creates a continuous circulation pattern, transferring heat within the fluid.
Explanation:
Convection currents occur due to the uneven heating of a fluid, which creates differences in density. When part of the fluid is heated, it expands and becomes less dense than the surrounding cooler fluid. The warmer, less dense fluid rises because it is buoyant. As it rises, it cools down, becoming denser again, and then sinks back down. The cooler fluid then moves in to replace the rising warm fluid, creating a cycle. This cycle of rising and falling fluid sets up a continuous circulation pattern, known as a convection current, which helps transfer heat throughout the fluid. Convection currents are responsible for various natural phenomena, including ocean currents, atmospheric circulation, and magma movement in the Earth's mantle.