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Answer:
In the 19th century, Philippine society was marked by a complex hierarchy: Spanish colonial officials and clergy held the highest positions, followed by mestizos (mixed-race individuals), and then the indigenous Filipino population. The society was agrarian, with the economy largely based on agriculture and the encomienda system. Social mobility was limited, and there was a significant disparity between the wealthy elite and the poor. The period also saw rising nationalist sentiments and reformist movements against colonial rule.
Explanation:
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