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19. Explain the difference between a solid, liquid, and gas.​

Sagot :

Answer:

The difference between a solid, liquid, and gas lies in their physical properties and behaviors.

Solid

  • Definition: A solid is a state of matter that has a fixed shape and volume. It is rigid and maintains its shape even under external forces.

Characteristics:

  • Shape: Has a definite shape.
  • Volume: Has a definite volume.
  • Intermolecular Forces: Strong intermolecular forces between molecules.
  • Compressibility: Incompressible.
  • Density: High density.
  • Kinetic Energy: Low kinetic energy.
  • Examples: Sugar, salt, ice, wood, brick, gold.

Liquid

  • Definition: A liquid is a state of matter that has a fixed volume but takes the shape of its container. It is less rigid than a solid.

Characteristics:

  • Shape: Takes the shape of its container.
  • Volume: Has a definite volume.
  • Intermolecular Forces: Less strong intermolecular forces than solids.
  • Compressibility: Slightly compressible.
  • Density: Moderate density.
  • Kinetic Energy: Moderate kinetic energy.
  • Examples: Water, milk, coffee, blood, gasoline.

Gas

  • Definition: A gas is a state of matter that has neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume. It is highly compressible and expands to fill its container.

Characteristics:

  • Shape: Takes the shape of its container.
  • Volume: No definite volume.
  • Intermolecular Forces: Weak intermolecular forces.
  • Compressibility: Highly compressible.
  • Density: Low density.
  • Kinetic Energy: High kinetic energy.
  • Examples: Oxygen, carbon dioxide, air, hydrogen.

These differences in physical properties and behaviors are essential for understanding various phenomena in our daily lives and in scientific applications.