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Explanation:
Presidential Decree No. 27
Presidential Decree No. 27, issued on October 21, 1972, by President Ferdinand E. Marcos of the Philippines, decreed the emancipation of tenants from the bondage of the soil. This decree aimed to transfer ownership of the land they tilled to the tenants and provided the necessary instruments and mechanisms for this process.
Key Points of Presidential Decree No. 27:
- The decree was a response to the grievances arising from the old concept of land ownership by a few, which led to violent conflicts and social tension.
- It emphasized the fundamental objective of addressing legitimate grievances in the society by starting with the emancipation of farmers from their bonded status.
- The decree applied to tenant farmers on private agricultural lands primarily dedicated to rice and corn under sharecrop or lease-tenancy systems.
- It specified that tenant farmers, whether on landed estates or not, would be deemed owners of a family-size farm of five hectares if not irrigated and three hectares if irrigated.
- Landowners were allowed to retain a maximum of seven hectares for cultivation.
- The cost of the land transferred to the tenant was determined based on the average harvest of three normal crop years preceding the decree, with payment in fifteen equal annual installments.
Presidential Decree No. 27 played a significant role in the agrarian reform of the Philippines, aiming to address inequalities in land ownership and provide opportunities for tenant farmers to become landowners. It marked a crucial step towards social justice and economic empowerment in the agricultural sector.