9. Which astronomical model states that the earth is layered with earth, water, air and fire; with the earth as the center of the universe? A) Copernican B) Ptolemaic C) Aristotle's model D) Aristarchus' model 10. What theory explains that the earth is the central body of the universe in which all other heavenly bodies including the sun revolve around it? A) Geocentric Theory B) Big Bang Theory C) Big crunch Theory D) Heliocentric Theory 11. Which of the following theories serve as the springboard for the present model of our planetary system? A) Big Bang Theory B) Geocentric Theory C) Heliocentric Theory D) None of These 12. The great contribution of Tycho Brahe was to A. offer the first detailed model of a Sun-centered solar system, thereby beginning the process of overturning the Earth-centered model of the Greeks B. observe planetary positions with sufficient accuracy so that Kepler could later use the data to discover the laws of planetary motion C. discover four moons orbiting Jupiter, thereby lending strong support to the idea that the Earth is not the center of the universe D. discover that planets orbit the Sun in elliptical orbits with varying speed 13. In simple language, Kepler's second law means that the A. slowly moving planets are close to the Sun. B. the Sun is at the center of planetary orbits. C. planets close to the Sun have shorter periods than those farther away. D. a planet moves more rapidly when near the Sun than when farther away. 14. Using Brahe's observations and data what was Kepler's findings about the shape of the orbit followed by the planets? D. The orbit of the planets was irregular. A. The orbit was circular. B. The orbit was elliptical. C. The orbit has an uneven shape. 15. Which of the following did Galileo NOT observe? B. the moons of Mars A. sunspots C. the phases of Venus D. the craters on the Moon 16. The following are the laws formulated by Kepler using Brahe's data and observations, EXCEPT: D. Law of Inertia A. Law of Ellipses B. Law of Equal Areas C. Law of Harmonies 17. In simple language, Kepler's second law means that A. slowly moving planets are close to the Sun. C. planets close to the Sun have shorter periods than those farther away. D. a planet moves more rapidly when near the Sun than when farther away. B. the Sun is at the center of planetary orbits. 18. In non-mathematical terms, Kepler's third law says that: A. slowly moving planets are close to the Sun. B. the Sun is at the center of planetary orbits. 19. Johannes Kepler is best known for the: C. planets close to the Sun have shorter periods than those farther away. D. a planet moves more rapidly when near the Sun than when farther away. motion C. Principle of stellar parallax D. Sun-centered Universe A. Invention of the first telescope B. Laws of planetary 20. As one of his three axioms of planetary motion, demonstrated that the planets move in elliptical orbits around the D. Tycho Brahe A. Galileo Galilei B. Johannes Kepler C. Nicolaus Copernicus sun.​