Summarize each passage inone concluding sentencewhich states the main idea of the text. After summarizing the main idea, write an appropriate title for the passage.

3. Marine pilot William Rankin made history in 1959 when he survived a nine-mile fall from the sky. Over Norfolk,Virginia, Rankin had engine trouble and had to eject himself from his plane. After he had fallen for about eight minutes, his parachute opened perfectly. To his dismay, however, he found himself in the middle of a thunderstorm. The strong winds kept driving him up instead of down toward the earth. For forty minutes Rankin was tossed by fierce winds and surrounded by blasts of thunder and sheets of lightning. Finally he reached the ground, frostbitten and injured, but alive. Soon after, newspapers all around the world honored "the man who rode the thunder."

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4. The bitterly cold climate of Antarctica is hostile to many forms of life. Even the emperor penguin, which thrives in the cold, has had to develop unusual -behaviors to hatch a chick. If an egg were allowed to touch the frozen ground, the developing chick inside would not survive. To protect the chick, the male penguin carries the egg on his feet, tucking it under the feathers on his body. For two months, while the female penguin is away storing food in her belly, the male goes nowhere without the egg on his feet. Cuddled securely in the male's warmth, the chick can survive until hatching. At that time the mother returns and takes over the care of her newborn chick. Even then the down-covered chick needs its mother's feet and feathers to shield it from the frigid weather of Antarctica

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5. Imagine the feeling of suddenly having all of your weight lifted from you. You glide along almost without effort. You feel the coolness of water around you. You see the brilliant colors of fish swimming past you, and the sounds of the world outside are muffled. These are just a few of the pleasures of snorkeling. For those who have mastered the basic techniques, however, the pleasures are even greater. Instead of simply gliding andobserving, an experienced snorkeler can keep busy underwater with several interesting activities.

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