Answer:
Parker Solar Probe
Explanation:
The Parker Solar Probe reached the sun’s upper atmosphere, gathering data along the way to help scientists better understand the center of our solar system
Scientists announced yesterday that NASA's Parker Solar Probe became the first spacecraft to "touch" the sun this past April when it reached the sun's upper atmosphere, known as the corona, Leah Crane reports for New Scientist.
NASA set a goal to reach the sun around 60 years ago to answer fundamental questions about the center of our solar system, and it launched the Parker Solar Probe in 2018, Ashley Strickland reports for CNN.
"Parker Solar Probe 'touching the sun' is a monumental moment for solar science and a truly remarkable feat," Thomas Zurbuchen, the associate administrator for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, says in a press release. "Not only does this milestone provide us with deeper insights into our Sun's evolution and it's impacts on our solar system, but everything we learn about our own star also teaches us more about stars in the rest of the universe.”
Scientists announced this milestone yesterday at a meeting of the American Geophysical Union and published their findings in the journal Physical Review Letters.
Since the Parker Solar Probe launched in 2018, it's been orbiting the sun and inching closer with every loop. On April 28, the probe finally crossed into the outer atmosphere and stayed there for about five hours, Alexandra Witze reports for Nature.
The probe crossed the Alfvén critical surface, which is the boundary between the end of the sun's atmosphere and the start of solar winds, which are streams of charged particles that radiate from the corona and carry a magnetic field. Researchers at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA) built and monitor a key instrument on the spacecraft called the Solar Probe Cup, which collects particles from the sun's atmosphere, per a CfA press release. The Solar Probe Cup's data shows that the Parker Solar Probe dipped into the corona three times on April 28, at one point staying in the outer atmosphere for approximately five hours. To resist the sun's intense temperatures, the device is made of heat-tolerant chemicals like tungsten, niobium, molybdenum and sapphire.
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