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violations of human rights in the name of scientific research have been among the darkest event in history. from 1932-1972 more than 400 african american people who had syphills were deliberately left untreated to study the illness. Although the tuskegee syphill study was sponsored by United states public Health service, the disclosure of the 40-year study caused public outrage (caplan, 1992).
Another example of unethical research is the experiment conducted between 1950-1952 in which more than 1,000 pregnant women were children of these women had high rates of cancer and other abnormalities did the participants learn they were subject of these experiment(capron,1989). The nature of ethical problems in qualitative research studies is subtle and different compared to problems in quantitative research. Nurse research have to balance research have to balance research principles as well as the well-being of clients (Ramos, 1989)