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DIRECTIONS: Using letters A, B, and C, arrange the stages/steps on how the different techniques/tools in genetic engineering work.
1. MAKING A RECOMBINANT DNA _____ Sticky ends are joined by DNA ligase _____ Restriction enzymes cut the desired DNA sequence _____ Study and determine the specific gene needed
2. POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION / MAKING DNA COPIES _____ DNA polymerase starts making copies _____ “primers” provide a lace for DNA polymerase _____ DNA is heated to separate the strands and cooled to bind
3. TRANSFORMING BACTERIA _____ Insert a human gene into plasmid / bacterial DNA _____ The recombinant DNA is inserted in the bacterial cell _____ The bacteria can produce the human protein
4. TRANSFORMING PLANT CELLS _____ The plasmid can be used to infect plant cells that take up DNA on its own _____ Insert a piece of foreign DNA into the plasmid _____ Inactivate the tumor-producing gene of a bacterium
5. TRANSFORMING ANIMAL CELLS _____ The host gene may lose (knocked out) sequences in between _____ DNA molecule is constructed with two ends that may recombine with specific sequences _____ The knocked-out gene is replaced with a new gene
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