Fins
Fins are appendages used by the fish to maintain position, move, steer and stop. They are either single fins along the centerline of the fish, such as the dorsal (back) fins, caudal (tail) fin and anal fin, or paired fins, which include the pectoral (chest) and pelvic (hip) fins.
Scales
Scales in most bony fish -- most freshwater fish other than gar that have ganoid scales, and catfish which have no scales -- are either ctenoid or cycloid. Ctenoid scales have jagged edges and cycloid ones have smooth rounded edges. Bass and most other fish with spines have ctenoid scales composed of connective tissue covered with calcium.
Gills
The gills are the breathing apparatus of fish and are highly vascularized, which gives them their bright red color. An operculum (gill cover) is a flexible bony plate that protects the sensitive gills. Water is “inhaled” through the mouth, passes over the gills and is “exhaled” from beneath the operculum.
Eyes
Fish can detect color. Fish eyes are more round than in mammals because of the refractive index of water and focus is achieved by moving the lens in and out, not distorting it as in mammals.
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