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Explanation:
1. Complementary mRNA strand: The lower strand is the strand that is complementary to the mRNA
2. Amino acid chain:Acidic amino acids (and the C-terminal) are in the –COOH form (uncharged) at low pH and in the –COO- form (-1 charge) at high pHs. Basic amino acids (and the N-terminal) are in the –NH3+ form (+1 charge) at low pH and in the –NH2 form (uncharged) at high pH. These include lysine (K), arginine (R) and histidine (H).
PEPTIDE BONDS:
Amino acid synthesis depends on the formation of the appropriate alpha-keto acid, which is then transaminated to form an amino acid. Amino acids are made into proteins by being joined together in a chain by peptide bonds
3. The first C of the DNA template is replaced with T.
b. New mRNA complementary strand:
4. G is inserted after the second A of the DNA template.
a.New DNA template: