It is formed during covalent bonding
C. atom
When the difference in electronegativities of two atoms is too tiny for electron transfer to produce ions, a covalent bond occurs. Bonding electrons are shared electrons that are placed in the space between the two nuclei. The bound pair is the "glue" that keeps the atoms in molecular units together. The most basic covalently bonded substance is the hydrogen molecule. It consists of two hydrogen atoms, each with one electron in the 1s orbital. Both hydrogen atoms share the two electrons in the covalent bond, and each obtains a helium-like electron configuration. Because of the uneven sharing of electrons by atoms with various electronegativities, covalent bonds can have significant polarity. This charge separation amounts to just a tiny proportion of an electron charge in most types of bonds. In HI, for example, it is roughly 5%, whereas in HF, where the difference in electronegativity is about 1.8 units, it is about 44%.
Covalent molecules vary in strength based on the number of ___ that form between atoms.
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