The inner core is a very dense solid material. It is mostly made up of iron and nickel which are both dense metal. The inner core is the deepest layer of the earth which is found in the center of the Earth. When we go down to the center of the earth, the temperature increases so as the pressure. The temperature in the inner core can easily melt both iron and nickel but, because of too much pressure, the particles of iron and nickel are being compressed no to be able to do phase changes to turn into liquid. Too much pressure in the inner core keeps it in a solid phase and having a very high density.
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Four Layers of the Earth from the Surface to Inner Layer
- Crust
- Mantle
- Outer core
- Inner core
Crust
The crust is the thinnest and the outermost layer of the Earth that extends from the surface to about 32 kilometers below. This are layer where we live and volcanoes, earthquake, and mountain ranges are formed.
Type of crust
Oceanic crust
Are denser and thinner compared to continental crust.
Continental crust
Thicker and are less dense compared to oceanic crust.
Mantle
Beneath the crust is the mantle, which extends to about 2,900 kilometers from the Earth's surface. The mantle is the thickest layer of the earth and is more dense compared to the crust. It is way hotter than the crust and capable of melting it. The upper mantle are plastic, its made up of magma that because of too much heat it flows which causes changes on the surface of the Earth.
Outer Core
The outer core is 2900 kilometers below the surface of the Earth. It is mostly made up of iron and nickel but in liquid phase and its temperature reaches to about 2000°C. The outer core is flowing outside the inner core which generate a magnetic field that protects the earth from the dangerous radioactive material coming from the heat of the sun.
Inner Core
The inner core is the deepest layer made up of solid iron and nickel and has a radius of approximately 1,300 kilometers. Its temperature reaches to about 5000°C. The inner have the highest density compared to the other. The heat in the interior of the Earth is caused by the radioactive decay of uranium in the inner core which releases tremendous amount of heat.
The interior of the Earth as presented by any books, videos posted on the internet or movies are all just theories. No one really ever seen what is the interior of the Earth really look like. The ideas of the scientist are just based on their studies about the seismic wave particularly the body waves which travels in the interior of the earth.
Types of Body wave
- Primary wave or p-wave
- Secondary wave or s-wave
Body waves can travel in the interior of the earth known as primary wave and secondary wave. Primary wave is the fastest to travel and it can travel in both solid and liquid medium. Secondary wave travel's slower than primary wave and it can only travel in solid not in liquid. The information provided by body waves gives ideas on what made up the inner layer of the earth.
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