Answer:
There are a wide variety of ways to summarize, organize, and present data. Most of the common methods, such as stem-and-leaf diagrams, frequency distributions, histograms, bar, and other graphs, will be summarized here, along with the usual conventions and terms for each.
Coding Data
It is common practice to code data by assigning numerical values to nonnumeric measurements. An example might be to code gender as 1's and 2's instead of "male" and "female". The choice of 1 for male and 2 for female is rather arbitrary, but might correspond to the number of X-chromosomes in each somatic cell. One reason for data coding is to conserve storage space which historically was at a premium. (A keypunch card only held 80 bytes. Flat it is about the size of of a CD-ROM, rolled up it is about the size of a thumb drive, either of which easily holds half a gigabyte or so!) Another reason is that there are no upper and lower case [arabic] numbers. A computer may not register "male" as equal to "Male"
Explanation:
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