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how would you express the network service providers?​

Sagot :

Answer:

Network Provider

Related terms:

Virtual NetworksSocial NetworksInternet of ThingsOnline Social NetworksVirtual Private NetworkProvider Service

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Managed Overlays

John F. Buford, ... Eng Keong Lua, in P2P Networking and Applications, 2009

P4P

Proactive Network Provider Participation for P2P (P4P) is an ISP mechanism by which nearby peers in an ISP network can more easily locate each other for the purposes of keeping traffic in the ISP's network that might otherwise be routed to an arbitrary peer anywhere in the world.547,548 P4P is an industry group organized by DCIA.546 Most ISPs organize their networks into tiers of routers, with the edge routers being closest to customer connections and a border router connecting with other ISPs' networks. In between are regional routers. Routing becomes more expensive for the ISP as packets move from edge routers to regional routers to border routers. If a peer can locate the required content at another peer at the same edge router, the packets will not reach the next regional router. Peers in the same ISP network are likely to perform transfers more quickly, improving performance for end users.

In the P4P approach, the ISP installs a server called an iTracker in its network. The server contains information about the network organization, such as preferred routes and congested links. Each peer queries the local iTracker and uses the information to connect to peers that are closer or preferred from an ISP standpoint. For peers participating in torrents, the torrent tracker can also obtain information about the ISP's iTracker. The torrent tracker uses this information to include a list of local peers.

Privacy Management and Protection of Personal Data

Maryline Laurent, Claire Levallois-Barth, in Digital Identity Management, 2015

4.3.1.1.4 Notion of data controllers

The data controller is, “unless expressly designated by legislative or regulatory provisions relating to this processing, a person, public authority, department or any other organization who determines the purposes and means of the data processing” (see Art. 3-I [CNI 78]). This entity is therefore the person with the power to define or control the content of a process, with a concrete influence on the process. In practice, this person is responsible for the respect of data protection rules. This person acts as an intermediary when, for example, data subjects exercise their rights.

When a social networking service offers online communications platforms allowing users to publish and exchange information, three distinct categories may be said to constitute data controllers.

The social network provider are data controllers, as they define the purposes and the means of processing of users’ personal data, along with the basic services related to user management (e.g. account registration and deletion) (see [WP 09, p. 5]). They also determine the way in which user data may be used for advertising or marketing purposes, including advertising provided by third parties.

Explanation:

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