Answer:
Soil Composition
Soil is a mix of varying amounts of inorganic matter, organic matter, water, and air.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Explain soil composition
KEY TAKEAWAYS
Key Points
The chemical composition of the soil, the topography, and the presence of living organisms determines the quality of soil.
In general, soil contains 40-45% inorganic matter, 5% organic matter, 25% water, and 25% air.
In order to sustain plant life, the proper mix of air, water, minerals, and organic material is required.
Humus, the organic material in soil, is composed of microorganisms (dead and alive) and decaying plants.
The inorganic material of soil is composed of rock, which is broken down into small particles of sand (0.1 to 2 mm), silt (0.002 to 0.1 mm), and clay (less than 0.002 mm).
Loam is a soil that is a mix sand, silt, and humus.
Key Terms
loam: soil with no dominant particle size that contains a mixture of sand, silt, and humus
humus: a large group of natural organic compounds found in the soil composed of decaying plants and dead and living microorganisms
Soil Composition
Plants obtain inorganic elements from the soil, which serves as a natural medium for land plants. Soil is the outer, loose layer that covers the surface of Earth. Soil quality, a major determinant, along with climate, of plant distribution and growth, depends not only on the chemical composition of the soil, but also the topography (regional surface features) and the presence of living organisms.
Soil consists of these major components:
Components of soil: The four major components of soil are shown: inorganic minerals, organic matter, water, and air.
inorganic mineral matter, about 40 to 45 percent of the soil volume
organic matter, about 5 percent of the soil volume
water, about 25 percent of the soil volume
air, about 25 percent of the soil volume
The amount of each of the four major components of soil depends on the quantity of vegetation, soil compaction, and water present in the soil. A good, healthy soil has sufficient air, water, minerals, and organic material to promote and sustain plant life.
Explanation:
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