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In linguistics, hyponymy (from Greek ὑπό, hupó, "under", and ὄνυμα, ónuma, "name") is a semantic relation between a hyponym denoting a subtype and a hypernym or hyperonym denoting a supertype. In other words, the semantic field of the hyponym is included within that of the hypernym.[1] In simpler terms, a hyponym is in a type-of relationship with its hypernym. For example: pigeon, crow, eagle, and seagull are all hyponyms of bird, their hypernym; which itself is a hyponym of animal, its hypernym.[2]
An example of the relationship between hyponyms and hypernym.
Hypernymy or hyperonymy (from Greek ὑπέρ, hupér, "over", and ὄνυμα, ónuma, "name") is the converse of hyponymy.
Other names for hypernym include umbrella term and blanket term.[3][4][5][6] A synonym of co-hyponym based on same tier (and not hyponymic) relation is allonym (which means "different name").
A hyponym refers to a type. A meronym refers to a part. For example, a hyponym of tree is pine tree or oak tree (a type of tree), but a meronym of tree is bark or leaf (a part of tree).
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