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Ecological interactions
Describe the effects of these
interactions among organisms in
their environment
*predation​


Sagot :

Answer:

How does predation affect the environment?

Predation is a top-down force because the effects of predators start at the top of the food chain and cascade downward to lower trophic levels. A trophic cascade occurs when predators indirectly affect the abundance of organisms more than two trophic levels down (Figure 1).