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7. INTEGRATING ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND FISH FARMING
7.0 Introduction
1. In the last chapter you have already learned a great deal about animal manures as organic fertilizers (see Section 6.2) and about their advantages for fish production. In this chapter you will learn more about the animals themselves and how best to integrate their production with fish farming.
2. If you are already raising some livestock on your farm, and have suitable conditions for ponds, you may be able to combine animal husbandry with fish production. This can help you to increase your income at little extra cost and, at the same time, provide a valuable solution to the problems of manure disposal. But if you farm fish and are not yet familiar with animal husbandry, you should be aware that starting such an activity, and integrating it with fish production, can be quite difficult and may need some time to work properly.
Additional inputs of animal husbandry
3. As a fish farmer, if you want to raise livestock, you will need a number of additional inputs to integrate animal husbandry and fish farming. Some of these are:
more land and more water;
greater investments for housing, food and young animals;
new skills for managing your livestock;
extra work to manage it properly;
probably better and greater quantities of feed.
4. However, because of the fluctuations in quality and quantity of the manures available, pond management may become more difficult. Water quality will have to be closely and more frequently monitored, particularly if the animals are manuring the ponds directly.
Beginning successfully
5. At the beginning, do not be too ambitious. Start in a small way, with one or two ponds and a few animals.
6. Concentrate on the fattening of young animals bought from other farmers. Later, you may decide to breed your own animals.
7. If you need advice ask more experienced people who already have integrated animal production with fish farming or perhaps your extension agent can help you.
8. Take very good care of your animals. They are an important and costly investment.
9. Ensure that an adequate supply of good water is always available, both for your animals and your fish.
10. Confine your animals close to the ponds, at least at night.
11. Buy locally available construction materials and feeding ingredients at reasonable prices. Make full use of available land to produce protein-rich plant material for feed, erosion control (see Section 4.1) and fencing (see Section 4.5).
12. Closely check the water quality of your ponds and in particular its dissolved oxygen content (see Section 2.5). Manage the water supply accordingly.
13. Adapt the feeding of your fish to the amount of manure distributed (see Chapter 10).
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