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The term Renaissance was first used by French art historians of the late 18th century in reference to the reappearance of antique architectural forms on Italian buildings of the early 16th century. The term was later expanded to include the whole of the 15th and 16th centuries and, by extension, to include sculpture, painting, and the decorative arts. There is still considerable disagreement among art historians as to whether the term should be restricted to a phenomenon that had its origins in Italy and then spread through western Europe (the point of view taken here) or whether directly contemporary developments north of the Alps, and especially in the Low Countries, should be included on an equal footing with what was happening in Italy.
The term ‘Western art’ largely describes the art of western Europe, but is also used as a general category for forms of art that are now geographically widespread but that have their roots in Europe. Art historians describe the history of Western art in terms of successive periods and/or movements, including classical, medieval, Byzantine, Romanesque, Renaissance, baroque, rococo, neoclassicism, Romanticism, realism, Impressionism, modernism and postmodernism. Definitions of these periods are often debated, as it is impossible to pinpoint where they begin and end, or to account for the wide array of art produced within them. Nevertheless, such terms are indispensable in navigating the complex history and stylistic shifts of Western art across time.
Renaissance art, painting, sculpture, architecture, music, and literature produced during the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries in Europe under the combined influences of an increased awareness of nature, a revival of classical learning, and a more individualistic view of man.