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Answer:
1. MOTHERBOARD
The motherboard is the main board that is screwed directly inside the computer case.
All other cards and everything else plugs directly into the motherboard, hence its name.
The CPU, RAM, drives, power supply and more all get connected to it.
Its function is to integrate all the components with each other so they can communicate and operate together.
A good motherboard offers a wide amount of connectivity options. It also has the least amount of bottlenecks as possible. This allows all the components to operate efficiently and to fulfill their maximum potential as they were designed to do.
Obviously, as the physical size of a motherboard is reduced, it begins to limit connectivity options and
2. CPU or CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
The CPU is basically like the brain of a computer. It processes all the information on a computational level.
It takes information from the RAM and processes it to perform the tasks required from the computer.
It is usually seated in a socket that utilizes a lever or a latch with a hinged plate with a cut out in the center to secure it onto the motherboard.
It has many copper pads underneath it for the contacts of the socket to push up against them to make electrical contact.
There are other ways CPU’s can be attached to the motherboard.
Here are some common examples:
ZIF (Zero Insertion Force): Although this a more desirable socket, they are mostly found on older computer motherboards. A lever-operated a mechanism to clamp the pins of the processor.
PGA (Pin Grid Array): It is also a ZIF socket but has a different pin pitch and contains a different pin count.
A processor generates a decent amount of heat, especially when it is working under high loads.
It will run even hotter when it is set to a higher clock speed in order to make it run faster. This is called overclocking.
This is why a heatsink and fan assembly is required in order to draw the heat away from the processor and distribute it to thin sheets or fins of metal for the fan to cool down.
There are so many different types of processors. The top manufacturers for computers are Intel, AMD, and NVidia.
3. RAM or RANDOM ACCES MEMORY
RAM is a data storage device that can provide fast read and write access. RAM is also volatile which means that it loses all the stored data the moment power is lost.
The RAM keeps data ready for the CPU to process. The speed of the RAM is a big contributor to the overall speed of a computer.
It plugs directly into a long slot which has contacts on either side of the slot.
It too has a clock speed, just like a processor. So, it can also be overclocked to deliver increased performance beyond the intended specification.
Certain RAM modules are sold with a heat spreader. It helps dissipate the heat from the individual memory IC’s, keeping them cooler.
RAM has evolved like any other component. RAM used on the motherboard often makes use of DDR (Double Data Rate) SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory) type memory.
4. GRAPHICS CARD
A graphics card processes the data from the motherboard and sends the appropriate information to the monitor in order for it to be displayed.
It can do so using an HDMI, DisplayPort, DVI, or VGA connector.
A graphics card can also be referred to as a video card or a display card.
It takes the burden of all the video processing from the main CPU. This gives a computer a big boost in performance.
Because of the large processing requirements for a gaming graphics card, fans are almost a given.
A graphics card plugs into a PCI Express (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) slot on the motherboard. It is a serial expansion bus slot that is capable of a high amount of bandwidth, in two directions.
A graphics card has a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) which is the main component that requires cooling.
A GPU is slower than a CPU, but it is designed to deal with mathematical operations required for video rendering.
The amount of memory on the card varies depending on the manufacturer’s design.
Graphics cards use GDDR (Graphics Double Data Rate) SDRAM which is specially designed to be optimized for graphics performance.
GDDR is built to handle a higher bandwidth compared to plain DDR ram.
5. SOUND CARD
Most of the time the sound chip built into the motherboard is used for audio output.
But, if you are a sound enthusiast or prefer higher detailed audio while playing a game, you might be inclined to use a sound card.
Sound cards plug into a computer in multiple ways. It can be through USB, PCI slot, or PCI Express x 1 slot.
A sound processing chip on the card does all of the audio processing and is usually not a very powerful processor.
A sound card can offer a wide range of connectivity with various audio equipment.
A few examples could be optical audio, 1/4 inch jack, or RCA connectors.
Explanation:
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