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Explanation:
Influence of Tang-dynasty China
The dominant musical style of early gagaku was, naturally, from China and was called Tang music (tōgaku). In Japan, as in Korea, the establishment and maintenance of such a music has made it possible for modern listeners to hear foreign versions of famous pieces long forgotten in the country of their origin. For example, there are names of pieces played and dances performed in Japan that are also found in Tang Chinese lists. Unlike in China, however, many of those works are still played in Japan, and a few of the original costumes and masks used at that time are preserved. Perhaps the most-valuable treasure in Japan for such materials from the ancient traditions of all of East Asia is the Shōsō Repository, a storehouse built for the household goods of the emperor Shōmu after his death in 756. In that collection (which includes a few later additions from temples) one can find some 21 percussion instruments, 12 strings, and 12 winds, in addition to dance masks, notation, and drawings. Some of the materials are Chinese or Korean imports, while others are Japanese-made. The Chinese variant of the arched harp of the ancient Middle East (in Japanese the kugo) is best preserved here. The very decorations of certain instruments can also be historical gold mines. For example, the protective cover across the face of one plucked lute (biwa) contains the picture of a performer riding a camel near a palm-treed oasis. Another such cover depicts a group of foreign (i.e., not East Asian) musicians accompanying an energetic dancer, all on the back of an elephant. Etchings along a hunting bow show scenes of dancing and musical performances connected with a popular imported art of acrobatics and juggling called sangaku.
