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Answer:
Ancient Greek thinkers believed that all matter was made of a combination of earth, air, fire and water. These substances were called 'elements' but they were not the same as modern elements. Later Greek thinkers suggested that matter could be made up of invisible particles. They called these particles atoms but they had no experimental evidence for their model.
The first atomic model
The scientist John Dalton carried out a series of experiments. He concluded that all matter was made of tiny particles called atoms. He suggested that an atom was a tiny solid ball. He published his ideas in 1803.
Dalton’s model included these ideas:
atoms cannot be broken down into anything simpler
the atoms of a given element are identical to each other
the atoms of different elements are different from one another
the atoms of different elements join to make compounds
during chemical reactions atoms rearrange to make different substances
This atomic model has changed over time. Scientists used the model to make predictions. Sometimes the results of their experiments were a surprise and they did not fit with the existing model. Scientists changed the model so that it could explain the new evidence.