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Explanation:
Precautionary and safety measures for hydrometeorological hazard
1. Tropical cyclones are hydrometeorological hazards characterized by strong winds and heavy rain. Every year, an average of 19 tropical cyclones enter the Philippine Area of Responsibility and approximately 9-10 make landfall in the Philippines. This is because the Philippines is located on the western rim of the Pacific Ocean, where most tropical cyclones pass. Tropical cyclones can have a forecast lead time of 5 days.
2. Thunderstorms are generally local storms produced by cumulonimbus clouds and are always accompanied by lightning and thunder, usually with strong wind gusts, heavy rain and sometimes with hail and/or tornado. Thunderstorms are typical in warm environments like the tropics and may persist for 1 to 2 hours.
3. Flood is the overflowing of the normal confines of a stream or bodies of water, or the accumulation of water over areas that are not normally submerged. While flooding may last days or even weeks, Flash Floods are also caused by heavy precipitation in a short period of time, usually less than 6 hours.
For example : The return period of a heavy rainfall event is 100 years, this can be expressed as an event with a probabiluty of happening equivalent to 1/100 or 1%.This does not mean that the next similar extreme event will happen 100 years after,instead,it means that in a given year,there is a 1% chance what the event will happen.
Consequently 100-year floods can happen in 2 consecutive years.In analysis of extreme hydrometeorological events "return period"are usually used to infer the severity of an event.
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