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Answer:
The statement that describes the motion of Earth around the sun is letter D.
The Sun is the main source of energy of the solar system. The planets revolve around the sun because of the difference of the gravitational pull of the sun and the planets. The solar system is a perfectly balance system of energies that if the sun becomes too massive, it will greatly affect the planets of the solar system.
The principle why the speed of the Earth increases as it gets closer to the sun and decreases as it moves further away from the sun is explained in Kepler's Second and Third Law of Orbit.
According to it:
A planet’s orbital speed changes, depending on how far it is from the Sun. The closer a planet is to the Sun, the stronger the Sun’s gravitational pull on it, and the faster the planet moves. The farther it is from the Sun, the weaker the Sun’s gravitational pull, and the slower it moves in its orbit
A planet farther from the Sun not only has a longer path than a closer planet, but it also travels slower, since the Sun’s gravitational pull on it is weaker. Therefore, the larger a planet’s orbit, the longer the planet takes to complete it.
As means to remember this principle we can remember that the sun is massive therefore its gravitational pull is higher than that of the planets.
As an object comes near a massive object such as the sun the gravitational pull of the sun makes the planets revolve faster in its axis; hence the increase in speed.
Other Kepler's Law are as follows:
The orbit of a planet around the Sun (or of a satellite around a planet) is not a perfect circle. It is an ellipse—a “flattened” circle.
Remember that:
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For further information about Kepler's Laws of Orbital Motion, read on the below Links:
Kepler's third law of motion:
Shape of the orbit
Kepler's Law of Planetary Motion:
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