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what is names of the five scientific models that explain the structure of the atom Science Grade 7
Dalton's Model (Billiard Ball or Solid Spere Model) - This was the first model of the atom, proposed by John Dalton in the early 1800s. Dalton imagined atoms as tiny, solid spheres, like billiard balls, that cannot be divided or broken down into smaller parts.
Think of atoms as small, hard balls that make up everything around us. Each type of atom has its own size and weight, like different-sized marbles.
Thomson's Model (Plum Pudding Model) - J.J. Thomson discovered electrons in 1897 and proposed a new model. He suggested that an atom is a positive sphere with negatively charged electrons scattered throughout, like plums in a pudding.
Imagine a chocolate chip cookie. The cookie dough is the positive part, and the chocolate chips are the electrons scattered throughout.
Rutherford's Model (Nuclear Model) - In 1911, Ernest Rutherford discovered the nucleus, a tiny, dense, positively charged center of the atom. He proposed that electrons orbit this nucleus, like planets orbiting the sun.
Picture a solar system. The nucleus is like the sun, and the electrons are like planets circling around it. Most of the atom is empty space.
Bohr's Model (Planetary Model) -Niels Bohr improved Rutherford's model in 1913 by suggesting that electrons move in specific orbits or energy levels around the nucleus. Electrons can jump between these levels by absorbing or releasing energy.
Imagine a ladder with rungs. Electrons can only stand on the rungs, not between them. They can jump to higher or lower rungs by taking in or giving off energy.
Quantum Model - This is the current and most accuraté model, developed in the 1920s by scientists like Erwin Schrödinger. It describes electrons as existing in "clouds" or "orbitals" where they are likely to be found, rather than fixed paths.
Think of a fan with spinning blades. You can't see the individual blades when it's on, but you know they're there. Electrons are similar; they exist in areas where they're likely to be, but we can't pinpoint their exact location.
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