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11. What is the hardest natural substance on Earth?
The hardest natural substance on Earth is diamond.
Why Diamonds Are the Hardest
Atomic Structure - Diamonds have a crystal lattice structure where each carbon atom is tetrahedrally bonded to four other carbon atoms, creating a very strong and rigid three-dimensional network.
Bond Strength - The carbon-carbon covalent bonds in diamonds are among the strongest chemical bonds, contributing to their exceptional hardness.
Importance of Diamonds
Industrial Use - Due to their hardness, diamonds are used in cutting, grinding, and drilling tools. They can cut through almost any material, including other diamonds.
Scientific Research - Diamonds are used in high-pressure experiments and as anvils in devices like the diamond anvil cell to study materials under extreme conditions.
Electronics - Diamonds have unique thermal and electrical properties that make them valuable in certain electronic applications, such as semiconductors and high-performance heat sinks.
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