When solid, liquids or gases absorbs or release heat they change their states. This phenomenon is explained in the kinetic theory of matter or the particle theory of matter.
The particle theory of matter explains that molecules are made up of particles, and particles have kinetic energy allowing them to move. This simply states that all molecules of matter are moving whether they are in solid, liquid or gas phase.
To better explain the change of states of solid liquid and gas, let us discuss first the attraction between the molecules of these states of matter.
The molecules of solids have a strong attraction making them tightly packed together. On the other hand, the molecules of liquid are less weak than the solid but stronger than that of gas, allowing them to slightly move freely. Lastly, the molecules of gas have a weak attraction between them, allowing them to move as free as they want.
With the increase of temperature, the molecules absorb the heat making them to have a higher kinetic energy. The addition of the kinetic energy to the molecules makes the attraction between molecules decrease changing the states of the matter. In this case, solids will become liquid and this process is called melting. The liquid will become gas, and this process is called evaporation.
When temperature drops, the molecules will release heat. Thus making the attraction between molecules to be stronger. In this case, the gas will become liquid, and this process is called condensation. The liquid will become solid, and this process is called solidification.
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