Answer:
Contact of sanitizer
a. Sanitizer used must be in contact with the surface of the equipment/utensils in order to perform its action
b. Surfaces that are not properly clean will reduce the effectiveness of the sanitizer
2) Selectivity of sanitizer
a. Chlorine has the ability to destroy microorganisms as it possesses compounds that are relatively non-selective
b. Iodophors and quaternary compounds have a narrower range of selectivity which may limit their application
3) Concentration of sanitizer
a. High concentration of chemical sanitizer proportionately leads to hish rate of microbial destruction
b. However, beyond a certain concentration, the effectiveness level drops, thus further increase in concentration will have no advantage in destroying the microbes
4) Temperature of solution
a. Activity of chemical sanitizers increase as the solution temperature increase
b. Due to the increase in rate of reaction, increase in pH, decreases in viscosity at higher temperature
c. Recommended range of temperature: 24°C-49°C
d. Water temperature higher than 49°C should be avoided when using chlorine and iodine compounds as their effectiveness will be reduced by them being evaporated into the surroundings
5) pH of solution
a. Chlorine and iodine compounds decrease in effectiveness with an increase in pH
b. Most soap and detergents are alkaline with a pH between 10 and 12
c. Thus, soap or detergents needs to be rinsed of completely before the surface is sanitized
6) Time of exposure
a. In order for the chemical sanitizer to destroy the microbes, time is needed
b. The longer the contact time, the higher amount of microbes will be destroyed
c. The amount of exposure time also depends on the microbial populations and their susceptibility to the sanitizer
