Answer:
1. Dicto Simpliciter - Dicto Simpliciter or Secundum quid is a type of informal fallacy that occurs when the arguer fails to recognize the difference between rules of thumb and categorical propositions, rules that hold true universally. Since it ignores the limits, or qualifications, of rules of thumb, this fallacy is also named ignoring qualifications.
2. Hasty Generalization - A hasty generalization is a fallacious generalization that is usually false due to insufficient sample size. In all cases, hasty generalizations refer to conclusions drawn from insufficient information, or where a logical pathway is reversed.
3. Post Hoc - Post hoc (sometimes written as post-hoc) is a Latin phrase, meaning "after this" or "after the event". Post hoc may refer to: ... Post hoc theorizing, generating hypotheses based on data already observed. Post hoc ergo propter hoc (after this, therefore because of this), a logical fallacy of causation.
4. Contradictory Premises - Contradictory premises involve an argument (generally considered a logical fallacy) that draws a conclusion from inconsistent or incompatible premises. Essentially, a proposition is contradictory when it asserts and denies the same thing.
5. Ad Misericordiam - An appeal to pity is a fallacy in which someone tries to win support for an argument or idea by exploiting his opponent's feelings of pity or guilt. It is a specific kind of appeal to emotion. The name "Galileo argument" refers to the scientist's suffering as a result of his house arrest by the Inquisition.
6. False Analogy - A false analogy is a type of informal fallacy. It states that since Item A and Item B both have Quality X in common, they must also have Quality Y in common. For example, say Joan and Mary both drive pickup trucks. Since Joan is a teacher, Mary must also be a teacher. This is flawed reasoning!
7. Hypothesis Contrary to Fact - Offering a poorly supported claim about what might have happened in the past or future, if (the hypothetical part) circumstances or conditions were different. The fallacy also entails treating future hypothetical situations as if they are fact.
8. Poisoning the Well - Poisoning the well is a type of informal fallacy where adverse information about a target is preemptively presented to an audience, with the intention of discrediting or ridiculing something that the target person is about to say.
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