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Answer:
Stocks contain four essential parts: a major flavoring ingredient, liquid, aromatics, and mirepoix:
The major flavoring ingredient consists of bones and trimmings for meat and fish stocks and vegetables for vegetable stock.
The liquid most often used in making stock is water.
Aromatics are herbs, spices, and flavorings that create a savory smell; these include sachet d'épices or bouquet garni.
Mirepoix is a mixture of coarsely chopped onions, carrots, and celery that is used to flavor stocks, soups, and stews.
There are many types of stock:
White stock: A clear, pale liquid made by simmering poultry, beef, or fish bones.
Brown stock: An amber liquid made by first browning/roasting poultry, beef, veal, or game bones.
Fumet: A highly flavored stock made with fish bones.
Court bouillon: An aromatic vegetable broth.
Glace: A reduced stock with a jelly-like consistency, made from brown stock, chicken stock, or fish stock.
Remouillage: A weak stock made from bones that have already been used in another preparation. It is sometimes used to replace water as the liquid used in a stock.
Bouillon: The liquid that results from simmering meats or vegetables; also referred to as broth.
When using bones for stock, they must be cut to the right size and prepared by blanching, browning, or sweating.
Degreasing is the process of removing fat that has cooled and hardened from the surface of the stock by lifting or scraping it away before the stock is reheated. Degreasing stock gives it a clearer look and removes some of the fat content.
To cool stock, follow good food safety practices and limit the time the stock spends in the temperature danger zone (TDZ). To cool stock, place it in a clean stockpot, and then put that pot into an ice-water bath. Stir it often. When cooled, place the pot into the cooler. Another option is to break down the stock into smaller portions and place the smaller containers in the cooler. Stir occasionally so that the contents of each container cool at the same rate. Be careful not to put an entire large stockpot of hot stock in the cooler because it will warm the cooler and its contents. Stir occasionally so that the contents of each container cool at the same rate. Be careful not to put an entire large stockpot of hot stock in the cooler because it will warm the cooler and its contents.
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